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Lesson 1: Introduction to Network Security

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What is Network Security?

Network security consists of policies, processes, and practices adopted to prevent, detect, and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources. Network security involves the authorization of access to data in a network, which is controlled by the network administrator.

Types of Network Threats

Threat Type Description Severity Level
Denial of Service (DoS) Overwhelms a system to make it unavailable to users High
Man-in-the-Middle Attacker secretly intercepts communication between two parties Critical
Phishing Fraudulent attempt to steal sensitive information by impersonation Medium
SQL Injection Inserting malicious SQL code into queries to manipulate databases Critical
Packet Sniffing Capturing and analyzing data packets transmitted over a network Medium

Network Security Layers

A comprehensive network security strategy is built across multiple layers:

  • Physical Security
    • Access control to data centers
    • Surveillance cameras
    • Hardware locks and biometrics
  • Network Perimeter Security
    • Firewalls (hardware and software)
    • Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
    • Demilitarized Zones (DMZ)
  • Endpoint Security
    • Antivirus and anti-malware software
    • Patch management
    • Device encryption
  • Data Security
    • Encryption of data at rest
    • Encryption of data in transit (TLS/SSL)
    • Data loss prevention (DLP)